Saturday, February 14, 2015

The Special Education Referral Process

Last year, my son Benjy began to struggle both academically and socially in first grade. On the playground, he refused to play with other kids, even when his teacher encouraged him and suggested friends and games to play with them. In the classroom, Benjy would lay his head down during writing assignments and get easily frustrated while reading, often hitting himself in the head.  He struggled to come up with topics to write about and found it difficult to put his thoughts on paper. Any noise from his classmates distracted him and caused him to lose focus on his assignment.  At home, he would struggle with his homework for more than an hour and needed constant encouragement and help to get through it.

As a parent, it is always difficult to watch your child struggle, but luckily Benjy had a fabulous teacher, Kristina McSwain, who was also noticing the problems that he was having and began to intervene.  Kristina and I met in person, and she developed a PEP (personal education plan) for Benjy to address the areas in which he was having the most difficulties. She gave me her cell number, and we talked often about Benjy’s progress and about modifications that she was doing in the classroom and the things that I could do to help him at home.  During reading, she would set Benjy away from all the other students, so that he wouldn’t be able to hear them read as well. When he still complained about the noise, she suggested I get him a whisper phone, which is a low-tech device that a beginning reader whispers into and the sound is amplified into his ear, making it easier to focus on his own reading.  For homework, Kristina suggested frequent breaks and to not push him too hard, but to get as much homework done as we could without worrying about doing it all. It was more important for Benjy to enjoy learning than to have him stress about it. In writing, Kristina would go to Benjy after giving all the students a writing prompt and help him brainstorm ideas. Often, she would email me the prompt so that Benjy and I could discuss ideas at home the day before, and he would be more prepared and know what to expect at school. We found that while Benjy could tell us what he wanted to write, getting started was often difficult. It also didn’t help that he wanted to write perfectly, so not knowing how to spell a word could completely derail him. Together, Kristina and I worked to build Benjy’s self-confidence, and by the end of the year, he had made great improvement.

What I didn’t realize then that I do realize now is that all of these modifications for Benjy were part of the Response to Intervention (RTI) approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs. Kristina had affectively implemented Tier 1 into her teaching to help Benjy succeed.  I interviewed her this week, and she confirmed that that is exactly what she had done.  If Benjy had continued to lose momentum and not shown improvement with the interventions put in place, she would have tried other methods and probably have suggested special education testing. We did discuss testing at one point, but we agreed that maybe Benjy just needed more time to develop and grasp the material. Based on my interviews with Kristina and Amy Green, another elementary teacher, I have learned that Benjy exhibited many classic signs of a struggling student, but there are many more, including but not limited to: hyperactivity, poor expressive language, trouble sleeping, eating or going to the bathroom, and struggling to remember things.

When we moved to Bogota, Colombia, we decided that since Benjy has a July birthday and was almost a year younger than many of his classmates, we would have him repeat first grade at a more academically rigorous school.  Benjy is now making friends and boasts that he is the only kid in his class reading chapter books. He completes his homework entirely on his own and in a reasonable amount of time. As a shy child, Benjy is still working on overcoming his anxiety in social situations and during tests, but he has come a long way.  We are confident that with continued attention to the areas that he struggles in, Benjy will progress academically as expected, hopefully without further intervention.

For students that don’t respond to Tier 1 interventions as Benjy did, there is more help available. According to Jodie Rommel, director of the Learning Center at Colegio Nueva Granada in Bogota, Colombia, most learning disabilities are discovered in mid-first grade to second grade as the academic standards become more challenging and abstract.  Jodie said that while this varies from school to school, when schools utilize universal screening through Response to Intervention, struggling students are caught early on and provided interventions starting in kindergarten. Jodie says that parents are an integral part in the process of determining specific learning disabilities, and that most of them are accepting of it, although some do go through a process similar to mourning upon learning that their child has a disability. She gave me a wonderful essay called "Welcome to Holland," written by a parent of a disabled child, which I will include below.

Jodie told me that at Colegio Nueva Granada (CNG), they only accept students with disabilities that they can provide services to in their least restrictive environment. For example, they won’t admit students with severe aggressive behavior because they don’t have proper placement for them.  This is not uncommon for international schools, and it is up to the parents to figure out what to do with their child. We have friends who have experienced this first hand. One of their daughters is diagnosed with ADHD and functions fine in school with medication; however, in her records, it was recorded that at some point she had violent tendencies. When she first applied to CNG, she was not admitted. Her parents began to panic, because there were no other plausible options in Bogota to accommodate her. Luckily, upon intervention from the medical staff at the U.S. Embassy, CNG agreed to accept their daughter on a provisional basis. So far, she is doing well at CNG.  However, another family who had a child with a disability was forced to send her to boarding school until arrangements could be made for a work transfer.

In the U.S., however, all students are provided a free and appropriate education regardless of their needs, in compliance with IDEA law. Public school districts have a broad range of services to include all exceptionalities, and students with disabilities are given the specialized education that they need to succeed. Whenever I hear the U.S. education criticized, I always want to defend it, because, although it’s not perfect, it’s a lot better than most of the rest of the world.


Welcome to Holland” by Emily Perl Kingsley

I am often asked to describe the experience of raising a child with a disability—to try to help people who have not shared that unique experience to understand it, to imagine how it would fell. It’s like this…

When you’re going to have a baby, it’s like planning a fabulous vacation trip—to Italy.  You buy a bunch of guidebooks and make your wonderful plans. The Coliseum, the Michelangelo, the gondolas in Venice. You may learn some handy phrases in Italian. It’s all very exciting.

After months of eager anticipation, the day finally arrives. You pack your bags and off you go. Several hours later, the plan lands. The stewardess comes in and says “Welcome to Holland.”

“Holland?!” you say. “What do you mean, Holland? I signed up for Italy! I’m supposed to be in Italy. All my life I’ve dreamed of going to Itlay.”

But there’s been a change in the flight plan. They’ve landed in Holland and there you must stay.

The important thing is that they haven’t taken you to a horrible, disgusting filthy place, full of pestilence, famine and disease. It’s just a different place.

So you must go out and buy new guidebooks. And you must learn a whole new language. And you will meet a whole new group of people you would never have met.

It’s just a different place. It’s slower-paced than Italy, less flashy than Italy. But after you’ve been there for a while and you catch your breath, you look around and you begin to notice that Holland has windmills, Holland has tulips. Holland even has Rembrandts.

But everyone you know is busy coming and going from Italy and they’re all bragging about what a wonderful time they had there. And for the rest of your life, you will say, “Yes, that’s where I was supposed to go. That’s what I had planned.” And the pain of that will never, ever, ever go away because the loss of that dream is a very significant loss.

But if you spend your life mourning the fact that you didn’t get to Italy, you may never be free to enjoy the very special, very lovely things about Holland.

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